May 3, 2004

Cause and Effect

Spanking May Lead to Behavioral Problems Later

Researchers from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health have discovered that children who are spanked before the age of 2 are more likely to have behavioral problems years later when they enter grade school.

"Spanking children under the age of 2 puts those children into a higher risk group for behavioral problems later," says Eric P. Slade, assistant professor at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and co-author of a study appearing in this month's issue of Pediatrics.

. . .

Spanking may be ... stigmatizing, and frequent spanking before the age of 2 may stem from factors like high parent stress.

"Parents who are stressed out or angry are more likely to expose their children to that anger," says Slade.

The white mothers who spanked their toddlers also had lower annual incomes, less education and were more likely to suffer from depression.

Unless the article is leaving out some important facts of the study, I see no reason to make spanking part of the whole equation. Simply put, parents with lower incomes and suffering from depression are more likely to be stressed out or angry, and "parents who are stressed out or angry are more likely to expose their children to that anger" (in many ways, not just through spanking). Thus, it's not the spanking that "puts those children into a higher risk group for behavioral problems later;" it's the bad parenting.

In other words, it seems more likely to me that spanking isn't so much the cause of the problem as it is a symptom of a common problem.

Posted May 3, 2004 4:29 PM
Comments

Could you teach my Research Methods class? I feel like you just taught me more about research design and criticism than I have learned all semester!

Posted by: Shoshana at May 4, 2004 9:43 AM

That is actually the first thing that came to my mind reading the clip. It was fun to see the same analysis afterwards. Kudos; this blog rocks.

Posted by: Ari at May 4, 2004 1:08 PM

The distinction is known in lomdus as "siman vs. sibah." When two factors seem to coincide, we may try to determine whether they are both a sign ("siman") of some greater issue, or one is the cause ("sibah") of the other.

The issue obviously comes up in a lot of studies, but this study in particular reminds me of one I read about a few years back, in which they "found" that sucking on a pacifier as a baby can lead to low-self esteem as a child. Of course the other way of looking at that is that babies who feel insecure are more likely to:
A) Suck on a pacifier as a baby
B) Grow into children with low self-esteem
It's not that A causes B. It's that both A and B are common indications of X.

And thanks for the compliments. I'm glad you enjoy it. But I already have a full-time job. :-)

Posted by: Reuven at May 4, 2004 5:06 PM

Reminds me of a story I heard years ago.
A researcher trained an insect to jump when he yelled the word "jump." He than proceeded to cut off one leg at a time of the insect. The insect continued to jump upon command, but with difficulty. After he had cut off all the insects' legs, he yelled "jump." Nothing happened. He repeated again and nothing happened.

His conclusion-when you cut off all of an insects' legs------it becomes deaf.

Posted by: Bob at May 4, 2004 7:54 PM
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